HIPAA 是《健康保险流通与责任法案》。 制定 HIPAA 是为了提高医疗保健系统的效率和有效性，并建立美国联邦安全标准来保护受保护的健康信息 (PHI) 的安全和隐私。
HIPAA is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. HIPAA was enacted to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system and establishes federal security standards to protect the security and privacy of Protected Health Information (PHI).
定义内容如下：
Categories of PHI Identifiers
Names
Geographic subdivisions smaller than a state, such as a street address, city, county, or full zip code
Dates directly relating to an individual, including a birth date, admission date, discharge date, and date of death
Telephone numbers
Fax numbers
Email addresses
Social Security numbers
Medical Record numbers
Health insurance beneficiary numbers
Account numbers
Certificate or license numbers
Vehicle identifiers and serial numbers
Device identifiers and serial numbers
Web URL
IP Addresses
Biometric identifiers, including finger and voice prints
Full-face photographs and any comparable images
Any other unique identifying number, characteristic or code